Law
Many death penalty cases are vacated through ALL BUT WHICH of the following means
| a. | clemency |
| b. | appeal |
| c. | death by natural causes |
| d. | suicide |
22. Project Innocence has exonerated more than 200 convicted offenders primarily due to
| a. | DNA technology |
| b. | eyewitness testimony |
| c. | police investigation |
| d. | suspect intimidation |
23. Current data indicate that
| a. | 32% of all traffic fatalities are caused by impaired drunk drivers |
| b. | 32% of all traffic fatalities are alcohol related |
| c. | 32,000 people are killed each year by drunk drivers |
| d. | 32% of drivers who have consumed alcohol are impaired by it |
24. Select the drunk driving myth from the following list
| a. | people with a serious drinking problem and many arrests frequently beat the system |
| b. | alcohol related does not mean alcohol was the cause of the accident |
| c. | most drivers killed in alcohol-related crashes do not have a history of drunk driving |
| d. | the criminal justice system is tough on drunk drivers |
25. The reality of driving after drinking is that
| a. | it is limited to a few dangerous people |
| b. | innocent bystanders are the typical victims of alcohol-related crashes |
| c. | a small number of people with serious drinking problems and many arrests are responsible for the majority of alcohol-related fatalities |
| d. | drinking and driving is a routine part of a society where driving is universal and drinking is an acceptable social custom |
26. It is a myth to think that innocent drivers or bystanders are the typical victims of alcohol related crashes when faced with evidence from the chapter that
| a. | 68% of people killed have at least three prior drunk driving arrests |
| b. | 68% of people killed are drivers in other cars, some of whom were impaired by alcohol |
| c. | 68% of people killed are the drunk drivers themselves |
| d. | innocent drivers or bystanders are the typical victims of alcohol related crashes |
27. Among the myths concerning drunk driving is
| a. | that those with serious drinking problems beat the system |
| b. | a grossly exaggerated bi-annual number of deaths due to drunk driving |
| c. | innocent drivers and bystanders are typically the victims of alcohol-related crashes |
| d. | all of the above |
28. There are several reasons for thinking that tougher punishment is likely to work with drunk driving, including the fact that
| a. | the certainty requirement is already being met so a more severe punishment will strengthen the deterrent effect |
| b. | the drunk driver meets all of the assumptions set forth in the theory of deterrence |
| c. | people who drink and drive have a stake in society and feel threatened by the stigma of arrest |
| d. | a & c |
29. The Road Safety Act in England demonstrated
| a. | initial deterrence decay as there was a decline in traffic fatalities and injuries upon implementation of the law that increased over time |
| b. | a deterrence program based in fear that has a zero-tolerance policy for any traffic infraction |
| c. | the failure of interlock breathalyzer systems in cars |
| d. | how access to public transportation reduces drinking and driving |
30. The announcement effect may change the behavior of
| a. | the public, but not the police | c. | the police, but not the public |
| b. | the public and the police | d. | neither the public or the police |
31. One of the main problems with drunk driving crackdowns is that
| a. | they require long-term behavior change |
| b. | they are unconstitutional |
| c. | the risk of arrest is extremely low |
| d. | people avoid them by taking side streets |
32. One of the factors undermining the deterrent effect of a crackdown on drunk driving cases in court is that
| a. | the punishment is delayed so the speedy element of deterrence goes unmet |
| b. | offenders do not perceive the consequences as unpleasant |
| c. | crackdowns reduce the specific deterrent while increasing the general deterrent |
| d. | mandatory sentences may be evaded |
33. Data on evasion of the law in drunk driving cases shows that
| a. | it is more common among prosecutors than judges |
| b. | evasions may be deliberate or unintentional |
| c. | evasion of drunk driving laws is universal |
| d. | evasion does not occur |
34. Traffic fatality trends reveal that
| a. | the motor vehicle death rate has declined since 1927 including a 50% decline since 1980 |
| b. | crackdowns are credited with 50% of the decline in the motor vehicle death rate |
| c. | the motor vehicle death rate has declined but drunk drivers have switched to motorcycles |
| d. | the motor vehicle death rate has increased dramatically since the 1980s |
35. Explanations for the trends in motor vehicle death rates include
| a. | safer cars |
| b. | changing attitudes and behavior due to socialization |
| c. | limited driving privileges for teens and raising the legal drinking age to 21 |
| d. | all of the above |
| e. | none of the above |
36. Walker proposes that
| a. | crackdowns and tougher penalties are the most effective means for reducing drunk driving and traffic fatalities |
| b. | criminal law strategies have more promise for reducing drunk driving and traffic fatalities |
| c. | a combination of criminal law and alternative strategies can effectively reduce drunk driving and traffic fatalities |
| d. | drunk driving and fatalities cannot be reduced |